China and South Africa Deepen Nuclear Energy Collaboration Amid Africa’s Energy Transition

China is strengthening its role as a key partner in Africa’s energy transformation, with nuclear power cooperation emerging as a central pillar of its diplomatic strategy.

On April 8, 2025, South Africa’s Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) during an official visit to China led by South Africa’s Electricity Minister, Dr. Kgosientsho Ramokgopa. This agreement focuses on collaboration in nuclear technology, including the development of small modular reactors (SMRs), advanced clean coal technologies, intelligent microgrid systems, and renewable energy integration.

This partnership aligns with South Africa’s efforts to address its energy challenges, including frequent rolling blackouts and an aging power infrastructure. Currently, South Africa operates two nuclear reactors that generate about 5% of its electricity. The collaboration with China aims to modernize and expand the country’s nuclear energy capabilities, contributing to energy security and economic development.

China’s engagement in Africa’s nuclear sector extends beyond South Africa. In Namibia, China General Nuclear Power Group owns a majority stake in the Husab uranium mine, one of the largest in the world, which has significantly contributed to Namibia’s economy and job creation. Additionally, China has signed nuclear energy agreements with countries like Kenya and Nigeria, focusing on technical collaboration, research, and technology transfer.

These developments are part of China’s broader strategy to enhance its global nuclear technology exports and support Africa’s energy needs. During the 2024 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Summit in Beijing, President Xi Jinping announced $51 billion in financial support to Africa over the next three years, aimed at improving infrastructure and creating at least one million jobs. This commitment underscores China’s role in supporting Africa’s development and energy transition.

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa has emphasized that Chinese investments are part of a mutually beneficial relationship, countering narratives that suggest a “debt trap.” The deepening cooperation between China and South Africa in nuclear energy exemplifies a strategic partnership aimed at addressing energy challenges and fostering sustainable development across the continent.